Flamenco dance is a dance hailing from the Southern region of Spain in Andalusia. It dates back to at least the 1700's and is more popular than ever throughout the world. There is huge interest in the dance form at the current time. The dancing is part of a trio that is incomplete without each member being present. In addition to the dance, there is also the cante or singing, and the toque or the guitar. These three make up what the art is. It is also very connected to the gypsy culture of Spain.
The golden age of Flamenco happened from 1869-1910. It became a recognized art form rather than a cultural spectacle. It was showcased in public performances and as a result dancers became a public attraction. Guitar players also became quite popular, they were no longer just accompanists, and they were regarded for their musical and technical skill just as the dancers were. This launched them into the same sphere as the dancers. Singers also began to enjoy popularity. The three worked together to create a trio performance. Some consider this period a detriment to the art since it became commercialized so quickly. They claim that this injured the traditional nature of the dance/song/music forever.
Flamenco today is often more popular outside of Spain that it is within it. For instance, there are more studios teaching the art in Japan than there are in Spain. It has gathered popularity all over the world. Traditionally, artists never did receive any formal education or training in the dance. They learned by example and observing. But today, that has all changed. Most trio artists are professionally trained both in Spain and out of Spain. Many dancers of other genres such as ballet or contemporary take dance classes at dance schools in order to improve their upper body technique or lower body articulation.
It used to be that Flamenco was an impromptu gathering and performance. Some of the flavor has been retained, but most of that has been relinquished for the more formal performance. Usually the singer is the star of the show and the guitar and dance are secondary. Dancers are noted for their proud and solid carriage of the upper body. There are two forms of dance today, the pure form and the commercialized style. Both are enjoyed worldwide but most would only recognize the latter since it is the dressed up version for tourists.